diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 667f4d8..a041140 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## Unreleased
+
+- Add an optional `now` timestamp argument to the ETS `:fix_window` backend's `hit`, `inc`, and `get` (and the generated `use Hammer` wrappers), defaulting to the current time. Lets callers drive deterministic windows in tests, or supply a custom clock, without sleeping across wall-clock boundaries.
+
 ## 7.4.0 - 2026-05-19
 
 - Add `:fix_window_per_key` algorithm for ETS and Atomic backends — a fixed-window variant whose window is anchored to first hit per key instead of a globally-aligned wall-clock epoch. Same one-entry-per-key memory profile as `:fix_window`. The 2x boundary burst is still possible per key, but boundaries are no longer globally synchronized. (#181)
diff --git a/lib/hammer/ets.ex b/lib/hammer/ets.ex
index 2f4dd27..65af9a8 100644
--- a/lib/hammer/ets.ex
+++ b/lib/hammer/ets.ex
@@ -133,12 +133,27 @@ defmodule Hammer.ETS do
         end
       end
 
+      # Same as hit/4 but with an explicit `now` (timestamp in the backend's
+      # time unit), letting callers drive deterministic windows in tests or
+      # supply a custom clock. Only generated for algorithms that accept it.
+      if function_exported?(@algorithm, :hit, 6) do
+        def hit(key, scale, limit, increment, now) do
+          @algorithm.hit(@table, key, scale, limit, increment, now)
+        end
+      end
+
       if function_exported?(@algorithm, :inc, 4) do
         def inc(key, scale, increment \\ 1) do
           @algorithm.inc(@table, key, scale, increment)
         end
       end
 
+      if function_exported?(@algorithm, :inc, 5) do
+        def inc(key, scale, increment, now) do
+          @algorithm.inc(@table, key, scale, increment, now)
+        end
+      end
+
       if function_exported?(@algorithm, :set, 4) do
         def set(key, scale, count) do
           @algorithm.set(@table, key, scale, count)
@@ -151,6 +166,12 @@ defmodule Hammer.ETS do
         end
       end
 
+      if function_exported?(@algorithm, :get, 4) do
+        def get(key, scale, now) do
+          @algorithm.get(@table, key, scale, now)
+        end
+      end
+
       if function_exported?(@algorithm, :get, 2) do
         def get(key, scale) do
           @algorithm.get(@table, key)
diff --git a/lib/hammer/ets/fix_window.ex b/lib/hammer/ets/fix_window.ex
index 5d7147c..9d3e6a0 100644
--- a/lib/hammer/ets/fix_window.ex
+++ b/lib/hammer/ets/fix_window.ex
@@ -94,10 +94,10 @@ defmodule Hammer.ETS.FixWindow do
           key :: term(),
           scale :: pos_integer(),
           limit :: pos_integer(),
-          increment :: pos_integer()
+          increment :: pos_integer(),
+          now :: non_neg_integer()
         ) :: {:allow, non_neg_integer()} | {:deny, non_neg_integer()}
-  def hit(table, key, scale, limit, increment) do
-    now = ETS.now()
+  def hit(table, key, scale, limit, increment, now \\ ETS.now()) do
     window = div(now, scale)
     full_key = {key, window}
     expires_at = (window + 1) * scale
@@ -117,11 +117,12 @@ defmodule Hammer.ETS.FixWindow do
           table :: atom(),
           key :: term(),
           scale :: pos_integer(),
-          increment :: pos_integer()
+          increment :: pos_integer(),
+          now :: non_neg_integer()
         ) ::
           non_neg_integer()
-  def inc(table, key, scale, increment) do
-    window = div(ETS.now(), scale)
+  def inc(table, key, scale, increment, now \\ ETS.now()) do
+    window = div(now, scale)
     full_key = {key, window}
     expires_at = (window + 1) * scale
     ETS.update_counter(table, full_key, increment, expires_at)
@@ -142,9 +143,10 @@ defmodule Hammer.ETS.FixWindow do
   @doc """
   Returns the count of requests for a given key within the last <scale> seconds.
   """
-  @spec get(table :: atom(), key :: term(), scale :: pos_integer()) :: non_neg_integer()
-  def get(table, key, scale) do
-    window = div(ETS.now(), scale)
+  @spec get(table :: atom(), key :: term(), scale :: pos_integer(), now :: non_neg_integer()) ::
+          non_neg_integer()
+  def get(table, key, scale, now \\ ETS.now()) do
+    window = div(now, scale)
     full_key = {key, window}
 
     case :ets.lookup(table, full_key) do
diff --git a/test/hammer/ets/fix_window_test.exs b/test/hammer/ets/fix_window_test.exs
index 7675248..26fd0fe 100644
--- a/test/hammer/ets/fix_window_test.exs
+++ b/test/hammer/ets/fix_window_test.exs
@@ -55,6 +55,26 @@ defmodule Hammer.ETS.FixWindowTest do
       assert {:deny, _retry_after} = FixWindow.hit(table, key, scale, limit, 1)
     end
 
+    test "with an explicit now, windows are deterministic without sleeping", %{table: table} do
+      key = "clock-key"
+      scale = 1_000
+      limit = 2
+
+      # Pin three hits to one window, then jump to the next window by passing
+      # an explicit `now` - no wall-clock sleep needed.
+      now = 1_000_000
+
+      assert {:allow, 1} = FixWindow.hit(table, key, scale, limit, 1, now)
+      assert {:allow, 2} = FixWindow.hit(table, key, scale, limit, 1, now)
+      assert {:deny, retry_after} = FixWindow.hit(table, key, scale, limit, 1, now)
+      assert retry_after == scale - rem(now, scale)
+
+      # Same window: get/4 reads the pinned count; the next window is fresh.
+      assert FixWindow.get(table, key, scale, now) == 3
+      assert {:allow, 1} = FixWindow.hit(table, key, scale, limit, 1, now + scale)
+      assert FixWindow.get(table, key, scale, now) == 3
+    end
+
     test "with custom increment", %{table: table} do
       key = "cost-key"
       scale = :timer.seconds(1)