diff --git a/compose/ui/ui/src/skikoMain/kotlin/androidx/compose/ui/window/Popup.skiko.kt b/compose/ui/ui/src/skikoMain/kotlin/androidx/compose/ui/window/Popup.skiko.kt
index d093eca656017..ba1c0488221d7 100644
--- a/compose/ui/ui/src/skikoMain/kotlin/androidx/compose/ui/window/Popup.skiko.kt
+++ b/compose/ui/ui/src/skikoMain/kotlin/androidx/compose/ui/window/Popup.skiko.kt
@@ -471,10 +471,10 @@ private fun PopupLayout(
     content: @Composable () -> Unit
 ) {
     // Use a MutableState directly to avoid recomposing when the value changes
-    val parentBoundsInWindow: MutableState<IntRect> = remember { mutableStateOf(IntRect.Zero) }
+    val parentBoundsInWindow: MutableState<IntRect?> = remember { mutableStateOf(null) }
     EmptyLayout(Modifier.onPlaced { childCoordinates ->
-        // This will be called before the popup measure policy is actually asked to calculate
-        // the popup's position, so it will never see the initial value of IntRect.Zero
+        // For a layer in the same scene, this runs before its popup measure policy calculates a
+        // position, so the policy observes the parent bounds in the first frame.
         childCoordinates.parentCoordinates?.let {
             // Nodes which read layout coordinates (including, e.g., positionInWindow) in
             // layout/placement get invalidated when these coordinates change
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ private fun rememberPopupMeasurePolicy(
     containerSize: IntSize,
     platformInsets: PlatformInsets,
     layoutDirection: LayoutDirection,
-    parentBoundsInWindow: MutableState<IntRect>
+    parentBoundsInWindow: MutableState<IntRect?>
 ) = remember(
     layer,
     popupPositionProvider,
@@ -556,6 +556,11 @@ private fun rememberPopupMeasurePolicy(
         usePlatformDefaultWidth = properties.usePlatformDefaultWidth
     ) { contentSize ->
         val parentRectInWindow = parentBoundsInWindow.value
+            ?: run {
+                // Keep an unanchored layer out of the visible window while its content is measured.
+                layer.boundsInWindow = IntRect.Zero
+                return@ComposeSceneLayerMeasurePolicy IntOffset.Zero
+            }
         val positionWithInsets =
             positionWithInsets(platformInsets, containerSize) { sizeWithoutInsets ->
                 // Position provider works in coordinates without insets.
diff --git a/compose/ui/ui/src/uikitInstrumentedTest/kotlin/androidx/compose/ui/layers/LayersRenderingTest.kt b/compose/ui/ui/src/uikitInstrumentedTest/kotlin/androidx/compose/ui/layers/LayersRenderingTest.kt
index d8c82aa25e118..b634de35f816b 100644
--- a/compose/ui/ui/src/uikitInstrumentedTest/kotlin/androidx/compose/ui/layers/LayersRenderingTest.kt
+++ b/compose/ui/ui/src/uikitInstrumentedTest/kotlin/androidx/compose/ui/layers/LayersRenderingTest.kt
@@ -18,13 +18,14 @@ package androidx.compose.ui.layers
 
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
+import androidx.compose.runtime.DisposableEffect
 import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
 import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
 import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
 import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
 import androidx.compose.ui.background
-import androidx.compose.ui.draw.drawBehind
 import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
+import androidx.compose.ui.layout.onPlaced
 import androidx.compose.ui.test.captureScreenshot
 import androidx.compose.ui.test.runUIKitInstrumentedTest
 import androidx.compose.ui.test.utils.forEachPixel
@@ -33,38 +34,30 @@ import androidx.compose.ui.window.PopupProperties
 import kotlin.test.Test
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
-import platform.UIKit.UIImage
-import platform.darwin.dispatch_async
-import platform.darwin.dispatch_get_main_queue
 
 class LayersRenderingTest {
     @Test
-    fun testLayerContentOnFirstRender() = runUIKitInstrumentedTest {
+    fun testLayerContentAfterParentAnchorIsAvailable() = runUIKitInstrumentedTest {
         var showRed by mutableStateOf(false)
         var showGreen by mutableStateOf(false)
-        var onRender = {}
-        var frameImage: UIImage? = null
-
-        fun prepareForCaptureNextFrame() {
-            frameImage = null
-            onRender = {
-                dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
-                    frameImage = captureScreenshot()
-                }
-                onRender = {}
-            }
-        }
+        var popupContentPlaced by mutableStateOf(false)
 
         setContent {
-            Box(Modifier.fillMaxSize().background(Color.Blue).drawBehind {
-                onRender()
-            })
+            Box(Modifier.fillMaxSize().background(Color.Blue))
             if (showRed) {
                 Popup(
                     onDismissRequest = {},
                     properties = PopupProperties(usePlatformInsets = false)
                 ) {
-                    Box(Modifier.fillMaxSize().background(Color.Red))
+                    DisposableEffect(Unit) {
+                        onDispose { popupContentPlaced = false }
+                    }
+                    Box(
+                        Modifier
+                            .fillMaxSize()
+                            .background(Color.Red)
+                            .onPlaced { popupContentPlaced = true }
+                    )
                 }
             }
             if (showGreen) {
@@ -72,17 +65,22 @@ class LayersRenderingTest {
                     onDismissRequest = {},
                     properties = PopupProperties(usePlatformInsets = false)
                 ) {
-                    Box(Modifier.fillMaxSize().background(Color.Green))
+                    DisposableEffect(Unit) {
+                        onDispose { popupContentPlaced = false }
+                    }
+                    Box(
+                        Modifier
+                            .fillMaxSize()
+                            .background(Color.Green)
+                            .onPlaced { popupContentPlaced = true }
+                    )
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        fun assertNextFrameColor(expectedColor: Color) {
-            prepareForCaptureNextFrame()
+        fun assertFrameColor(expectedColor: Color) {
             waitForIdle()
-
-            assertNotNull(frameImage)
-            frameImage!!.forEachPixel(step = 4) { _, _, actualColor ->
+            assertNotNull(captureScreenshot()).forEachPixel(step = 4) { _, _, actualColor ->
                 assertEquals(
                     expectedColor,
                     actualColor,
@@ -91,16 +89,33 @@ class LayersRenderingTest {
             }
         }
 
+        fun awaitPopupContentPlacement() {
+            waitUntil("Popup content should be placed") { popupContentPlaced }
+            waitForIdle()
+        }
+
+        fun awaitPopupContentDisposal() {
+            waitUntil("Popup content should be disposed") { !popupContentPlaced }
+            waitForIdle()
+        }
+
+        // IosComposeSceneLayer owns a separate ComposeScene. Its first layout is not ordered
+        // after the parent scene's onPlaced callback, so this test only asserts the result once
+        // UIKit has processed both scenes, rather than requiring the popup in a particular frame.
         showRed = true
-        assertNextFrameColor(Color.Red)
+        awaitPopupContentPlacement()
+        assertFrameColor(Color.Red)
 
         showRed = false
-        assertNextFrameColor(Color.Blue)
+        awaitPopupContentDisposal()
+        assertFrameColor(Color.Blue)
 
         showGreen = true
-        assertNextFrameColor(Color.Green)
+        awaitPopupContentPlacement()
+        assertFrameColor(Color.Green)
 
         showGreen = false
-        assertNextFrameColor(Color.Blue)
+        awaitPopupContentDisposal()
+        assertFrameColor(Color.Blue)
     }
 }