[HDX-5080] Chart editor UI for metric formulas - #2909

…ot per-series branches (#2946)

Fixes [HDX-5126](https://linear.app/clickhouse/issue/HDX-5126/apply-having-order-by-limit-to-the-composed-metric-join-not-per-series) — follow-up to [review feedback on #2909](#2909): "HAVING is applied within each CTE instead of to the final join … Same with order by."

## Why

The composed multi-series metric query (HDX-5077) builds each per-series branch as `{ ...chartConfig, select: [...] }`, so `having`, `orderBy` and `limit` leaked into every UNION branch:

- **HAVING** ran in a scope where the user-facing output names don't exist (the value column is renamed `__hdx_value`), and filtered each series independently before the join — making it impossible to know what aliases/series/formulas can be referenced.
- **ORDER BY** ran per branch and was then discarded by the outer join — the final row order was nondeterministic. This also made table header-click sorting and `convertToTableChartConfig`'s default group ordering silent no-ops on composed metric tables.
- **LIMIT/OFFSET** truncated each series to its own arbitrary group window before the join → mismatched group sets across series (spurious NULL cells) and incoherent table pagination (`useOffsetPaginatedQuery` injects page offsets into `limit`).

## What

All three clauses now render once, on the final joined SELECT, where they reference the **output columns**: operand aliases (when shown), formula names/aliases, the ratio column, group-by passthroughs and the time bucket. Time charts stay bucket-ordered first, with the user sort as a tiebreaker. Row-level filters (`where`, `filters`, per-series `aggCondition`) stay per-branch, where they belong.

### Reference contract (pinned by integration tests on CH 26.5)

Quoted output names or user aliases — e.g. `HAVING "err rate" > 0.5`, `ORDER BY "avg(metric.total)" DESC`, or a group-by `alias`. Raw expressions over source columns (e.g. `ResourceAttributes['service.name']`) do **not** resolve in the outer scope — verified `UNKNOWN_IDENTIFIER` under the new analyzer — so an expression group-by is referenced via its quoted ClickHouse-derived name (`"arrayElement(ResourceAttributes, 'service.name')"`) or, better, a group-by alias. Hidden operand series (`showOperandSeries: false`) are not referenceable: the contract is "reference what the result outputs".

## Tests

- **Unit/snapshot** (`renderChartConfig.test.ts`): clauses render exactly once, on the outer statement, in HAVING → ORDER BY → LIMIT order; bucket ordering stays first with the user sort appended; HAVING can reference a formula output column. Existing composed snapshots are byte-identical (no clause fields → no change).
- **Integration** (`queryChartConfig.int.test.ts`, 8 new): HAVING on an operand output column (including dropping a group whose *other* series fails the predicate — inexpressible per-branch) and on a formula alias; ORDER BY on a plain group column, an output value column, a quoted derived expression-group-by name, and a group-by alias; bucket-first ordering on time series; ratio-column HAVING/ORDER BY; LIMIT/OFFSET pages are disjoint windows of one consistent joined ordering.

## Out of scope (noted in HDX-5126)

- `seriesLimit` top-N ranking still runs per-branch.
- App-side: `DBTableChart` header-click sorting only quotes explicit user aliases — auto-aliased metric columns and formula columns produce unquoted `orderBy` expressions that don't resolve (broken before this change too, since branch scopes couldn't resolve them either). Editor autocomplete for output names in the Having/Order By inputs is a separate follow-up.

Plumb metric formula configs through every surface that persists or
accepts chart configs:

- External dashboards API v2: formulas/showOperandSeries on line,
  stacked_bar, table and number builder tile schemas, round-tripped
  through both converters, with write-time expression validation and a
  metric-source-only gate. OpenAPI spec regenerated with the new
  Formula component.
- Shared validation: validateChartConfigFormulas in common-utils
  dashboardValidation mirrors the chart editor's save-time rules;
  isFormulaDisplayType moves to common-utils core/utils so the editor
  and server gates cannot drift.
- MCP: save_dashboard / patch_dashboard tile schemas accept formulas,
  query_tile computes formula columns, and the dashboards query-guide
  prompt documents the feature.
- CLI: number/table tile config transforms delegate to the shared
  formula-aware common-utils implementations; AGENTS.md pipeline notes
  updated.

Alert-on-formula-tile support and its checkAlerts integration tests
landed with HDX-5080 (#2909); verified green on this branch.

Plumb metric formula configs through every surface that persists or
accepts chart configs:

- External dashboards API v2: formulas/showOperandSeries on line,
  stacked_bar, table and number builder tile schemas, round-tripped
  through both converters, with write-time expression validation and a
  metric-source-only gate. OpenAPI spec regenerated with the new
  Formula component.
- Shared validation: validateChartConfigFormulas in common-utils
  dashboardValidation mirrors the chart editor's save-time rules;
  isFormulaDisplayType moves to common-utils core/utils so the editor
  and server gates cannot drift.
- MCP: save_dashboard / patch_dashboard tile schemas accept formulas,
  query_tile computes formula columns, and the dashboards query-guide
  prompt documents the feature.
- CLI: number/table tile config transforms delegate to the shared
  formula-aware common-utils implementations; AGENTS.md pipeline notes
  updated.

Alert-on-formula-tile support and its checkAlerts integration tests
landed with HDX-5080 (#2909); verified green on this branch.

Plumb metric formula configs through every surface that persists or
accepts chart configs:

- External dashboards API v2: formulas/showOperandSeries on line,
  stacked_bar, table and number builder tile schemas, round-tripped
  through both converters, with write-time expression validation and a
  metric-source-only gate. OpenAPI spec regenerated with the new
  Formula component.
- Shared validation: validateChartConfigFormulas in common-utils
  dashboardValidation mirrors the chart editor's save-time rules;
  isFormulaDisplayType moves to common-utils core/utils so the editor
  and server gates cannot drift.
- MCP: save_dashboard / patch_dashboard tile schemas accept formulas,
  query_tile computes formula columns, and the dashboards query-guide
  prompt documents the feature.
- CLI: number/table tile config transforms delegate to the shared
  formula-aware common-utils implementations; AGENTS.md pipeline notes
  updated.

Alert-on-formula-tile support and its checkAlerts integration tests
landed with HDX-5080 (#2909); verified green on this branch.

Plumb metric formula configs through every surface that persists or
accepts chart configs:

- External dashboards API v2: formulas/showOperandSeries on line,
  stacked_bar, table and number builder tile schemas, round-tripped
  through both converters, with write-time expression validation and a
  metric-source-only gate. OpenAPI spec regenerated with the new
  Formula component.
- Shared validation: validateChartConfigFormulas in common-utils
  dashboardValidation mirrors the chart editor's save-time rules;
  isFormulaDisplayType moves to common-utils core/utils so the editor
  and server gates cannot drift.
- MCP: save_dashboard / patch_dashboard tile schemas accept formulas,
  query_tile computes formula columns, and the dashboards query-guide
  prompt documents the feature.
- CLI: number/table tile config transforms delegate to the shared
  formula-aware common-utils implementations; AGENTS.md pipeline notes
  updated.

Alert-on-formula-tile support and its checkAlerts integration tests
landed with HDX-5080 (#2909); verified green on this branch.

Plumb metric formula configs through every surface that persists or
accepts chart configs:

- External dashboards API v2: formulas/showOperandSeries on line,
  stacked_bar, table and number builder tile schemas, round-tripped
  through both converters, with write-time expression validation and a
  metric-source-only gate. OpenAPI spec regenerated with the new
  Formula component.
- Shared validation: validateChartConfigFormulas in common-utils
  dashboardValidation mirrors the chart editor's save-time rules;
  isFormulaDisplayType moves to common-utils core/utils so the editor
  and server gates cannot drift.
- MCP: save_dashboard / patch_dashboard tile schemas accept formulas,
  query_tile computes formula columns, and the dashboards query-guide
  prompt documents the feature.
- CLI: number/table tile config transforms delegate to the shared
  formula-aware common-utils implementations; AGENTS.md pipeline notes
  updated.

Alert-on-formula-tile support and its checkAlerts integration tests
landed with HDX-5080 (#2909); verified green on this branch.

Plumb metric formula configs through every surface that persists or
accepts chart configs:

- External dashboards API v2: formulas/showOperandSeries on line,
  stacked_bar, table and number builder tile schemas, round-tripped
  through both converters, with write-time expression validation and a
  metric-source-only gate. OpenAPI spec regenerated with the new
  Formula component.
- Shared validation: validateChartConfigFormulas in common-utils
  dashboardValidation mirrors the chart editor's save-time rules;
  isFormulaDisplayType moves to common-utils core/utils so the editor
  and server gates cannot drift.
- MCP: save_dashboard / patch_dashboard tile schemas accept formulas,
  query_tile computes formula columns, and the dashboards query-guide
  prompt documents the feature.
- CLI: number/table tile config transforms delegate to the shared
  formula-aware common-utils implementations; AGENTS.md pipeline notes
  updated.

Alert-on-formula-tile support and its checkAlerts integration tests
landed with HDX-5080 (#2909); verified green on this branch.