diff --git a/pkg/server/conn.go b/pkg/server/conn.go
index 9b866d8a38c16..7a6a1dded21ba 100644
--- a/pkg/server/conn.go
+++ b/pkg/server/conn.go
@@ -2099,9 +2099,17 @@ func (cc *clientConn) handleStmt(
 				//nolint: errcheck
 				rs.Finish()
 			})
+		fn := func() bool {
+			if cc.bufReadConn != nil {
+				return cc.bufReadConn.IsAlive() != 0
+			}
+			return true
+		}
+		cc.ctx.GetSessionVars().SQLKiller.IsConnectionAlive.Store(&fn)
 		cc.ctx.GetSessionVars().SQLKiller.InWriteResultSet.Store(true)
 		defer cc.ctx.GetSessionVars().SQLKiller.InWriteResultSet.Store(false)
 		defer cc.ctx.GetSessionVars().SQLKiller.ClearFinishFunc()
+		defer cc.ctx.GetSessionVars().SQLKiller.IsConnectionAlive.Store(nil)
 		if retryable, err := cc.writeResultSet(ctx, rs, false, status, 0); err != nil {
 			return retryable, err
 		}
diff --git a/pkg/server/conn_stmt.go b/pkg/server/conn_stmt.go
index 45c7ba35dee6f..740e0bb6c8ebf 100644
--- a/pkg/server/conn_stmt.go
+++ b/pkg/server/conn_stmt.go
@@ -233,6 +233,17 @@ func (cc *clientConn) executePlanCacheStmt(ctx context.Context, stmt any, args [
 	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, execdetails.StmtExecDetailKey, &execdetails.StmtExecDetails{})
 	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, util.ExecDetailsKey, &util.ExecDetails{})
 	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, util.RUDetailsCtxKey, util.NewRUDetails())
+
+	fn := func() bool {
+		if cc.bufReadConn != nil {
+			return cc.bufReadConn.IsAlive() != 0
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+	cc.ctx.GetSessionVars().SQLKiller.IsConnectionAlive.Store(&fn)
+	defer cc.ctx.GetSessionVars().SQLKiller.IsConnectionAlive.Store(nil)
+
+	//nolint:forcetypeassert
 	retryable, err := cc.executePreparedStmtAndWriteResult(ctx, stmt.(PreparedStatement), args, useCursor)
 	if err != nil {
 		action, txnErr := sessiontxn.GetTxnManager(&cc.ctx).OnStmtErrorForNextAction(ctx, sessiontxn.StmtErrAfterQuery, err)
diff --git a/pkg/server/internal/util/buffered_read_conn.go b/pkg/server/internal/util/buffered_read_conn.go
index d6bc1f24c9bc4..9629039638dd1 100644
--- a/pkg/server/internal/util/buffered_read_conn.go
+++ b/pkg/server/internal/util/buffered_read_conn.go
@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@ package util
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
+	"io"
 	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
 )
 
 // DefaultReaderSize is the default size of bufio.Reader.
@@ -26,11 +29,15 @@ const DefaultReaderSize = 16 * 1024
 type BufferedReadConn struct {
 	net.Conn
 	rb *bufio.Reader
+	// `mu` is for `IsAlive()` function.
+	// We use this to ensure that `SetReadDeadline` is not called concurrently.
+	mu *sync.Mutex
 }
 
 // NewBufferedReadConn creates a BufferedReadConn.
 func NewBufferedReadConn(conn net.Conn) *BufferedReadConn {
 	return &BufferedReadConn{
+		mu:   &sync.Mutex{},
 		Conn: conn,
 		rb:   bufio.NewReaderSize(conn, DefaultReaderSize),
 	}
@@ -40,3 +47,42 @@ func NewBufferedReadConn(conn net.Conn) *BufferedReadConn {
 func (conn BufferedReadConn) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	return conn.rb.Read(b)
 }
+
+// Peek peeks from the connection.
+func (conn BufferedReadConn) Peek(n int) ([]byte, error) {
+	return conn.rb.Peek(n)
+}
+
+// IsAlive detects the connection is alive or not.
+// return value < 0, means unknown
+// return value = 0, means not alive
+// return value = 1, means still alive
+func (conn BufferedReadConn) IsAlive() int {
+	if conn.mu.TryLock() {
+		defer conn.mu.Unlock()
+		err := conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(30 * time.Microsecond))
+		if err != nil {
+			return -1
+		}
+		// nolint:errcheck
+		defer conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
+		// At the TCP level, a successful `Peek` operation doesn't guarantee
+		// the connection remains active. However, in the MySQL protocol,
+		// clients shouldn't send new data while the server is processing SQL.
+		// Therefore, we can safely assume `Peek` won't intercept any data
+		// during this period. Even if `Peek` does capture data, it only means
+		// the liveness check might be inaccurate - this won't impact the
+		// actual connection state or its operations.
+		_, err = conn.Peek(1)
+		if err == nil {
+			return 1
+		}
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			return 0
+		} else if ne, ok := err.(net.Error); ok && ne.Timeout() {
+			return 1
+		}
+		return 0
+	}
+	return -1
+}
diff --git a/pkg/server/tests/commontest/tidb_test.go b/pkg/server/tests/commontest/tidb_test.go
index 8bc38e57af1d1..bcf80f3d6c89e 100644
--- a/pkg/server/tests/commontest/tidb_test.go
+++ b/pkg/server/tests/commontest/tidb_test.go
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
+	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
 	"github.com/pingcap/errors"
@@ -3707,3 +3708,82 @@ func TestAuditPluginRetrying(t *testing.T) {
 		runExplicitTransactionRetry(db, true)
 	})
 }
+
+func TestIssue57531(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := servertestkit.CreateTidbTestSuite(t)
+
+	processlistCount := func(dbt *testkit.DBTestKit) int {
+		rsCnt := 0
+		rs := dbt.MustQuery("show processlist")
+		for rs.Next() {
+			rsCnt++
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, rs.Err())
+		require.NoError(t, rs.Close())
+		return rsCnt
+	}
+
+	for i := range 2 {
+		ts.RunTests(t, nil, func(dbt *testkit.DBTestKit) {
+			var netConn net.Conn
+			conn, err := dbt.GetDB().Conn(context.Background())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			defer func() {
+				_ = conn.Close()
+			}()
+
+			// get the TCP connection
+			err = conn.Raw(func(driverConn any) error {
+				v := reflect.ValueOf(driverConn)
+				if v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+					v = v.Elem()
+				}
+				f := v.FieldByName("netConn")
+				if f.IsValid() && f.Type().Implements(reflect.TypeOf((*net.Conn)(nil)).Elem()) {
+					netConn = *(*net.Conn)(unsafe.Pointer(f.UnsafeAddr()))
+				}
+				return nil
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NotNil(t, netConn)
+
+			// execute `select sleep(300)`
+			queryDone := make(chan struct{})
+			go func() {
+				defer close(queryDone)
+				if i == 0 {
+					rows, err := conn.QueryContext(context.Background(), "select sleep(300)")
+					if err == nil {
+						_ = rows.Close()
+					}
+				} else {
+					stmt, err := conn.PrepareContext(context.Background(), "select sleep(?)")
+					if err == nil {
+						defer stmt.Close()
+						_, _ = stmt.Exec(300)
+					}
+				}
+			}()
+
+			// have two sessions
+			require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+				return processlistCount(dbt) == 2
+			}, time.Second, time.Millisecond*10)
+
+			// close tcp connection
+			require.NoError(t, netConn.Close())
+
+			select {
+			case <-queryDone:
+			case <-time.After(time.Second * 3):
+				require.Fail(t, "query did not exit after closing the TCP connection")
+			}
+			_ = conn.Close()
+
+			// the `select sleep(300)` is killed
+			require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+				return processlistCount(dbt) == 1
+			}, time.Second*3, time.Millisecond*10)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/util/deeptest/statictesthelper.go b/pkg/util/deeptest/statictesthelper.go
index b9493444037ae..9a66d2e4f7e9e 100644
--- a/pkg/util/deeptest/statictesthelper.go
+++ b/pkg/util/deeptest/statictesthelper.go
@@ -156,6 +156,19 @@ func (h *staticTestHelper) assertDeepClonedEqual(t require.TestingT, valA, valB
 			require.NotEqual(t, valA.Pointer(), valB.Pointer(), path+" should be different")
 			h.assertDeepClonedEqual(t, valA.Elem(), valB.Elem(), path)
 		}
+	case reflect.UnsafePointer:
+		if valA.IsNil() && valB.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		// both of them are not nil
+		require.NotEqual(t, 0, valA.Pointer(), path+" should not be nil")
+		require.NotEqual(t, 0, valB.Pointer(), path+" should not be nil")
+
+		if h.shouldComparePointer(path) {
+			require.Equal(t, valA.Pointer(), valB.Pointer(), path+" should be the same")
+		} else {
+			require.NotEqual(t, valA.Pointer(), valB.Pointer(), path+" should be different")
+		}
 	case reflect.Slice:
 		if valA.IsNil() && valB.IsNil() {
 			return
diff --git a/pkg/util/sqlkiller/BUILD.bazel b/pkg/util/sqlkiller/BUILD.bazel
index 5a4eacf70afd6..5a3a76d5a558e 100644
--- a/pkg/util/sqlkiller/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/pkg/util/sqlkiller/BUILD.bazel
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ go_library(
     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
     deps = [
         "//pkg/util/dbterror/exeerrors",
+        "//pkg/util/intest",
         "//pkg/util/logutil",
         "@com_github_pingcap_failpoint//:failpoint",
         "@org_uber_go_zap//:zap",
diff --git a/pkg/util/sqlkiller/sqlkiller.go b/pkg/util/sqlkiller/sqlkiller.go
index da81f99ee535d..c674a1c2f02f9 100644
--- a/pkg/util/sqlkiller/sqlkiller.go
+++ b/pkg/util/sqlkiller/sqlkiller.go
@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@ import (
 	"math/rand"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/pingcap/failpoint"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/dbterror/exeerrors"
+	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/intest"
 	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/util/logutil"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
@@ -51,6 +53,9 @@ type SQLKiller struct {
 	// InWriteResultSet is used to indicate whether the query is currently calling clientConn.writeResultSet().
 	// If the query is in writeResultSet and Finish() can acquire rs.finishLock, we can assume the query is waiting for the client to receive data from the server over network I/O.
 	InWriteResultSet atomic.Bool
+
+	lastCheckTime     atomic.Pointer[time.Time]
+	IsConnectionAlive atomic.Pointer[func() bool]
 }
 
 // SendKillSignal sends a kill signal to the query.
@@ -122,6 +127,27 @@ func (killer *SQLKiller) HandleSignal() error {
 			}
 		}
 	})
+
+	// Checks if the connection is alive.
+	// For performance reasons, the check interval should be at least `checkConnectionAliveDur`(1 second).
+	fn := killer.IsConnectionAlive.Load()
+	lastCheckTime := killer.lastCheckTime.Load()
+	if fn != nil {
+		var checkConnectionAliveDur time.Duration = time.Second
+		now := time.Now()
+		if intest.InTest {
+			checkConnectionAliveDur = time.Millisecond
+		}
+		if lastCheckTime == nil {
+			killer.lastCheckTime.Store(&now)
+		} else if now.Sub(*lastCheckTime) > checkConnectionAliveDur {
+			killer.lastCheckTime.Store(&now)
+			if !(*fn)() {
+				atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(&killer.Signal, 0, QueryInterrupted)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	status := atomic.LoadUint32(&killer.Signal)
 	err := killer.getKillError(status)
 	if status == ServerMemoryExceeded {
@@ -137,4 +163,5 @@ func (killer *SQLKiller) Reset() {
 		logutil.BgLogger().Warn("kill finished", zap.Uint64("conn", killer.ConnID.Load()))
 	}
 	atomic.StoreUint32(&killer.Signal, 0)
+	killer.lastCheckTime.Store(nil)
 }