diff --git a/spiffeid/errors.go b/spiffeid/errors.go
index cc9defee1..6b4714f1c 100644
--- a/spiffeid/errors.go
+++ b/spiffeid/errors.go
@@ -12,4 +12,5 @@ var (
 	errMissingTrustDomain = errors.New("trust domain is missing")
 	errTrailingSlash      = errors.New("path cannot have a trailing slash")
 	errWrongScheme        = errors.New("scheme is missing or invalid")
+	errIDTooLong          = errors.New("ID cannot be longer than 2048 bytes")
 )
diff --git a/spiffeid/id.go b/spiffeid/id.go
index f4e02eee7..b24662bcb 100644
--- a/spiffeid/id.go
+++ b/spiffeid/id.go
@@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ import (
 const (
 	schemePrefix    = "spiffe://"
 	schemePrefixLen = len(schemePrefix)
+
+	// maxIDLen is the maximum length, in bytes, of a SPIFFE ID. The SPIFFE
+	// specification recommends that implementations not generate SPIFFE IDs
+	// longer than 2048 bytes so that they remain interoperable.
+	// See https://github.com/spiffe/spiffe/blob/main/standards/SPIFFE-ID.md#23-maximum-spiffe-id-length
+	maxIDLen = 2048
 )
 
 // FromPath returns a new SPIFFE ID in the given trust domain and with the
@@ -75,6 +81,10 @@ func FromString(id string) (ID, error) {
 		return ID{}, err
 	}
 
+	if len(id) > maxIDLen {
+		return ID{}, errIDTooLong
+	}
+
 	return ID{
 		id:      id,
 		pathidx: pathidx,
@@ -154,6 +164,9 @@ func (id ID) AppendPath(path string) (ID, error) {
 		return ID{}, err
 	}
 	id.id += path
+	if len(id.id) > maxIDLen {
+		return ID{}, errIDTooLong
+	}
 	return id, nil
 }
 
@@ -170,6 +183,9 @@ func (id ID) AppendPathf(format string, args ...interface{}) (ID, error) {
 		return ID{}, err
 	}
 	id.id += path
+	if len(id.id) > maxIDLen {
+		return ID{}, errIDTooLong
+	}
 	return id, nil
 }
 
@@ -186,6 +202,9 @@ func (id ID) AppendSegments(segments ...string) (ID, error) {
 		return ID{}, err
 	}
 	id.id += path
+	if len(id.id) > maxIDLen {
+		return ID{}, errIDTooLong
+	}
 	return id, nil
 }
 
@@ -251,8 +270,12 @@ func makeID(td TrustDomain, path string) (ID, error) {
 	if td.IsZero() {
 		return ID{}, errors.New("trust domain is empty")
 	}
+	id := schemePrefix + td.name + path
+	if len(id) > maxIDLen {
+		return ID{}, errIDTooLong
+	}
 	return ID{
-		id:      schemePrefix + td.name + path,
+		id:      id,
 		pathidx: schemePrefixLen + len(td.name),
 	}, nil
 }
diff --git a/spiffeid/id_test.go b/spiffeid/id_test.go
index 0c528388e..972faae9a 100644
--- a/spiffeid/id_test.go
+++ b/spiffeid/id_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/spiffe/go-spiffe/v2/spiffeid"
@@ -461,6 +462,80 @@ func TestIDTextUnmarshaler(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "spiffe://trustdomain/path", s.ID.String())
 }
 
+func TestIDMaxLength(t *testing.T) {
+	// The SPIFFE specification recommends that implementations not generate
+	// SPIFFE IDs longer than 2048 bytes.
+	// https://github.com/spiffe/spiffe/blob/main/standards/SPIFFE-ID.md#23-maximum-spiffe-id-length
+	const maxIDLen = 2048
+
+	maxTD := spiffeid.RequireTrustDomainFromString("example.org")
+	prefixLen := len(maxTD.IDString()) // "spiffe://example.org"
+
+	// pathForTotal returns a valid path whose bytes make the full ID exactly
+	// total bytes long.
+	pathForTotal := func(total int) string {
+		return "/" + strings.Repeat("a", total-prefixLen-1)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("FromPath at boundary", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Exactly 2048 bytes is allowed.
+		id, err := spiffeid.FromPath(maxTD, pathForTotal(maxIDLen))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, id.String(), maxIDLen)
+
+		// 2049 bytes is rejected.
+		_, err = spiffeid.FromPath(maxTD, pathForTotal(maxIDLen+1))
+		assertErrorContains(t, err, "ID cannot be longer than 2048 bytes")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("FromString at boundary", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ok := maxTD.IDString() + pathForTotal(maxIDLen)
+		id, err := spiffeid.FromString(ok)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, id.String(), maxIDLen)
+
+		tooLong := maxTD.IDString() + pathForTotal(maxIDLen+1)
+		_, err = spiffeid.FromString(tooLong)
+		assertErrorContains(t, err, "ID cannot be longer than 2048 bytes")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("FromSegments rejects over-length", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := spiffeid.FromSegments(maxTD, strings.Repeat("a", maxIDLen))
+		assertErrorContains(t, err, "ID cannot be longer than 2048 bytes")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("AppendPath rejects over-length", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Start at exactly the limit, then append past it.
+		base, err := spiffeid.FromPath(maxTD, pathForTotal(maxIDLen))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, base.String(), maxIDLen)
+		_, err = base.AppendPath("/x")
+		assertErrorContains(t, err, "ID cannot be longer than 2048 bytes")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("AppendPathf rejects over-length", func(t *testing.T) {
+		base, err := spiffeid.FromPath(maxTD, pathForTotal(maxIDLen))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, base.String(), maxIDLen)
+		_, err = base.AppendPathf("/%s", "x")
+		assertErrorContains(t, err, "ID cannot be longer than 2048 bytes")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("AppendSegments rejects over-length", func(t *testing.T) {
+		base, err := spiffeid.FromPath(maxTD, pathForTotal(maxIDLen))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, base.String(), maxIDLen)
+		_, err = base.AppendSegments("x")
+		assertErrorContains(t, err, "ID cannot be longer than 2048 bytes")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("normal ID still works", func(t *testing.T) {
+		id, err := spiffeid.FromPath(maxTD, "/workload")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, "spiffe://example.org/workload", id.String())
+	})
+}
+
 func BenchmarkIDFromString(b *testing.B) {
 	s := "spiffe://trustdomain/path"
 	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {