pūngī seko:00809 altLabel language tags

[jarmosaarikko]

seko http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:au:seko:00809

• Eteläaasialainen kaksoisklarinettisoitin.

Tasks

1. Find the missing language tags for all altLabels
2. Check and confirm from a published source (e.g. GMO) that these labels are for the same instrument!

Altlabels

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AI-generated output (by ChatGPT)

Alternative label	Language	ISO 639-1	Source / basis of identification
bīṇ	Hindi	hi	Hindi dictionaries; Grove; Wikidata
dobru	Odia (Oriya)	or	Odia ethnomusicological sources
magudi	Tamil	ta	Tamil dictionaries; Wikidata
mahudi	Gujarati	gu	Gujarati lexicographic sources
mahuvar	Hindi	hi	Hindi ethnographic literature
mākuṭi	Malayalam	ml	Malayalam dictionaries
nāgasvaram	Tamil	ta	Tamil dictionaries; Wikidata
nāgbīṇ	Hindi	hi	Hindi compound (nāg + bīn)
nāgeśvar	Hindi	hi	Hindi regional usage
pambatti kulal	Tamil	ta	Tamil ("snake-charmer's flute")
pavri	Marathi / Bhili	mr	Marathi and tribal ethnographic sources
poṅgā	Marathi	mr	Regional Marathi usage
poṅgi	Marathi	mr	Regional Marathi usage
pugī	Sanskrit	—	Sanskrit lexicons (no ISO 639-1 code; ISO 639-2: sa)
pungi	English	en	Standard English spelling
pūṅgī	Hindi (scholarly transliteration)	hi	Academic transliteration of Hindi
sāpuṙer bā̃si	Bengali	bn	Bengali ("snake-charmer's flute")
tarpo	Marathi (Warli)	mr	Warli/Marathi ethnographic literature
tomṛā	Hindi	hi	Hindi regional usage
tumbā	Punjabi / Hindi	pa	Punjabi usage (also found in Hindi)
tumbī	Punjabi	pa	Punjabi dictionaries

Editorial notes

• English: pungi is the established English spelling and should probably be the preferred English label.
• Hindi: bīn, nāgbīn, and mahuvar are genuine Hindi synonyms.
• Tamil: magudi and pambatti kulal are well-established.
• Bengali: sāpuṙer bā̃si is descriptive ("snake-charmer's flute") rather than a simple lexical synonym, but it is a legitimate alternative label.
• Less certain: dobru, mahudi, poṅgā, poṅgi, tarpo, and tomṛā should ideally be verified against the original source from which they entered SEKO before assigning language tags with complete confidence. They appear to be regional vernacular names rather than standard dictionary headwords.

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Wikipedia notes:

• fi-Wikipedia - https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%ABngi
  • Pūngi (myös puungi, poongi, bin tai been) on yleisnimi kaikille tuulikapselilla varustetuille eteläaasialaisille kaksoisklarineteille.
• en-Wikipedia
  • The pungi, also known as bīn or Murli, is a musical instrument that originates from the Indian subcontinent.
  • It has been an important instrument in Indian folk culture and is known by various names in different parts of India. In northern India, it is known as the been, tumbi, and bansi; in the southern India, it is known as the magudi, mahudi, pungi, and pambaattikulhal.[14]
• de-Wikipedia
  • Pungi (Hindi: बीन), Schreibvarianten pugi, ponga, pongi, auch bin, mahudi; (Tamil: மகுடி) magudi, ist ein Einfachrohrblattinstrument mit zwei Blasröhren und Windkapsel in Indien.
  • Eine vergleichbare schlanke Bambusklarinette mit Doppelrohr in Bengalen heißt murali (Hindi und Sanskrit: murali oder murli bezeichnet "Flöte" allgemein). Die pungi stellt diesen Instrumenten gegenüber eine Weiterentwicklung dar.

[jarmosaarikko]

running the new AI skill "authority-reconciliation-altlabel.md" for the altlabels

• pungi- KEEP wd:Q545271 - mimo:6778 aat:300216605 - met:89.4.2797 - H-S 422.22
• bīṇ
• magudi - KEEP wd:Q545271 (pungi)
• mahudi
• mahuvar
• mākuṭi
• nāgasvaram
• nāgbīṇ
• nāgeśvar
• pambatti kulal
• poṅgā
• poṅgi
• pugī
• pūngī
• pūṅgī
• sāpuṙer bā̃si
• tomṛā
• tumbā
• tumbī

Possibly different instrument?

• dobru - AMBIGUUS - German Wikipedia referencing K.S.Kothari "ndian Folk Musical Instruments"
• pavri
• tarpo - SEPARATE - differnt instrment

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[jarmosaarikko]

AI-generated analysis (by ChatGPT) using the reconciliation skill
NOTE: AI output may include errors while claimed as facts - Always check from the sources

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tarpo

Evidence

This is the first label for which the reconciliation clearly indicates a different instrument.

1. Separate organological identity

• The German article Tarpu describes tarpo/tarpu as a distinct instrument played by Warli and other Adivasi groups in Gujarat and Maharashtra. Although it uses the same construction principle (gourd wind chamber and two reed pipes), it has its own name, repertoire, cultural context and literature.
• It also states:
  • Gujarati name: dobru
  • Marathi name for a medium-sized instrument: ghogha
  • Large form: khongada
  • Southern Gujarat: pavri

This shows that dobru and pavri belong to the tarpo/tarpu instrument complex, not directly to pungi.

2. Historical organological literature

A standard Indian organology text states:
"A very near cousin of the pungi is the tarpo..."

It then explains that the construction principle is similar, but the tarpo differs in the type of gourd and construction details.

The wording "near cousin" is significant. It explicitly distinguishes the two instruments instead of treating tarpo as another name for pungi.

3. Why Kothari caused confusion

K.S. Kothari lists tarpo, dobru, pavri, mahuvar, etc., together in his discussion of the pūṅgī family, and later authors have sometimes interpreted these as "local names".

• source: https://unitesi.unipv.it/retrieve/8c6b210e-c7a5-47aa-b247-a614684b967e/tesi%20Simone%20Bartoli%20pdfA.pdf

However, when combined with the more detailed organological descriptions, the evidence suggests a different interpretation:

Kothari is discussing a family of closely related gourd reed instruments, not necessarily strict synonyms.

That explains why later sources sometimes copied the names into synonym lists.

Editorial assessment

This reconciliation changes the picture for several remaining labels.

The following labels should now be regarded as suspected members of the tarpo complex, rather than presumed synonyms of pungi:

• dobru
• pavri
• ghonga (not currently in SEKO)
• khongada (not currently in SEKO)

These should each be reconciled independently.

Recommendation for SEKO

I recommend removing tarpo as an skos:altLabel of seko:00809.

Instead:

create a separate SEKO concept for tarpo/tarpu (if not already present), or
map it to the appropriate external authority concept once identified.
Consequence for previous reconciliation

This result also changes the status of dobru.

Previously we classified dobru as Ambiguous.

After reconciling tarpo, I would now revise dobru to:

Same instrument? → Probably No
Recommended action → Move to the future Tarpo concept
Confidence → Medium–High

This is exactly the value of the reconciliation workflow: evidence gathered for one label can legitimately refine earlier assessments, while keeping each decision documented and traceable.

[jarmosaarikko]

dobru

Language

• Not confirmed as Odia. Evidence points instead to Gujarati regional usage (possibly also used in Maharashtra).

Evidence

1. Authority sources do not support dobru as a synonym of pungi

The principal authority concept for pungi is:

• Wikidata Q545271
• Getty AAT 300216605
• MIMO 6778

None of these authority records contains dobru as an alternative label.

2. Organological literature places dobru with Tarpu, not Pungi

The strongest evidence comes from the German organological article Tarpu:

"A medium-sized tarpu is called ghogha in Marathi and often dobru in Gujarati. Around Surat in southern Gujarat the instrument is known as pavri."

This is important because dobru is treated as a regional name for a size/type of the Tarpu instrument, not as another name for the snake-charmer's pungi.

3. Why SEKO inherited the label

A recent scholarly thesis summarizes K.S. Kothari and lists:

tarpo, dobru, pavri, mahuvar...

among the regional names discussed in connection with the pūṅgī family.

However, the thesis is summarizing Kothari, not establishing that every listed name is a strict synonym. Later organological descriptions distinguish Tarpu from Pungi, even though they are closely related instruments.

Editorial assessment

This reconciliation resolves the ambiguity identified earlier.

The evidence indicates that:

dobru is associated with the Tarpu/Tarpo instrument complex;
it is not supported by current authority files as an alternative label of pungi;
its presence in SEKO most likely derives from a secondary source that grouped related instruments together.
Language note

The currently assigned language tag or (Odia) is not supported by the evidence examined.

The best available evidence instead associates dobru with Gujarati-speaking areas:

Gujarati (gu) — strongest evidence
Maharashtra border region — possible regional overlap

I therefore recommend changing the language tag to gu if the label is retained for a future Tarpu concept.

Final recommendation

• Decision Result
• Keep as altLabel of seko:00809 ❌ No
• Same instrument? No
• Suggested destination Future Tarpu/Tarpo concept
• Language Revise from or to gu
• Confidence High

Methodological note

This reconciliation demonstrates the value of the workflow. By combining authority files with organological literature, it uncovered two independent issues:

• Concept error: dobru appears to belong to Tarpu, not Pungi.
• Language error: the existing or (Odia) tag is not supported by the available evidence and should be re-examined.

[jarmosaarikko]

AI-generated resulta for altalabel reconciliation
Note: AI-generated outptu may and often does contain errors. Confirm with the original sources.

seko:00809 — pūṅgī / pungi (snake-charmer's reedpipe)

Label under review: sāpuṙer bā̃si (ASCII: sapurer basi)

Field	Result
Label	sāpuṙer bā̃si
Language	Bengali (bn)
Finna	No verified Finna record found under this spelling in this pass.
Representative record	—
Original source	—
Wikidata	No separate Wikidata item; not recorded as a multilingual alias of Q545271.
MIMO	No separate identifier found.
Getty AAT	Not listed as an alternative label for AAT 300216605.
LCMPT/LCSH	No authority record found.
Grove	Not verified in this pass.
Other sources	German Wikipedia (Pungi), Museum of the Bagpipe (Museo de la Gaita), Bengali lexical evidence. (Wikipedia)
Same instrument?	Yes
Recommended SEKO action	Keep as skos:altLabel
Confidence	High

Editorial note

This label is a good example of a descriptive vernacular name rather than a lexical synonym. I would keep it as an skos:altLabel because:

• it is documented in organological literature;
• it is used in Bengali-speaking contexts for the pungi;
• there is no evidence that it refers to a different instrument.

One small normalization issue: for consistency with standard Bengali romanization, I would consider using sāpurer bā̃śi (reflecting Bengali বাঁশি ) if SEKO follows ISO 15919 transliteration. The current spelling bā̃si is a common simplified romanization and is also acceptable if the source uses it.

Authority Reconciliation — Subtask 6

SEKO concept: seko:00809 — pūṅgī / pungi (snake-charmer's reedpipe)
Label under review: sāpuṙer bā̃si (ASCII: sapurer basi)

Field	Result
Label	sāpuṙer bā̃si
Language	Bengali (bn)
Finna	No verified Finna record found under this spelling in this pass.
Representative record	—
Original source	—
Wikidata	No separate Wikidata item; not recorded as a multilingual alias of Q545271.
MIMO	No separate identifier found.
Getty AAT	Not listed as an alternative label for AAT 300216605.
LCMPT/LCSH	No authority record found.
Grove	Not verified in this pass.
Other sources	German Wikipedia (Pungi), Museum of the Bagpipe (Museo de la Gaita), Bengali lexical evidence. ([Wikipedia][1])
Same instrument?	Yes
Recommended SEKO action	Keep as skos:altLabel
Confidence	High

Evidence

1. The name is transparently descriptive in Bengali

The expression consists of:

• sāpurer (সাপুড়ের) = "of the snake charmer"
• bā̃si (বাঁশি) = "flute" or "pipe" ([Wiktionary][2])

Thus the literal meaning is:

"the snake-charmer's flute (pipe)"

This is not merely a translation but an established Bengali instrument name.

2. Organological sources explicitly identify it as a name for the pungi

The German organological article on Pungi states:

"In Bengal the name sapurer basi ('snake-charmer's pipe') occurs."

This statement appears in a discussion of regional names for the same instrument, alongside pungi, bin, nagbin, magudi, etc. ([Wikipedia][1])

3. Independent museum evidence

The Museum of the Bagpipe (Museo de la Gaita) catalog lists regional names for the same instrument:

• pungi
• bin
• tumbi
• nagasar
• sapurer bansi
• tarpu
• mahudi
• pambaatti kuzhal

The catalog groups sapurer bansi with the northern Indian names of the pungi and classifies them under a single organological entry. ([Drupal Gijón][3])

This is valuable because it is an independent museum classification rather than a tertiary website.

4. Bengali cultural context

Bangladeshi sources describing traditional snake charmers consistently refer to the instrument played by snake charmers as the pungi/been or simply the snake-charmer's flute. This supports the cultural usage of the descriptive Bengali term, although these sources are secondary rather than authority vocabularies. ([en.banglapedia.org][4])

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Editorial assessment

Unlike tarpo or dobru, there is no evidence that sāpuṙer bā̃si denotes a different instrument.

Instead, the evidence consistently indicates that it is the Bengali descriptive name for the snake-charmer's pungi.

The fact that Getty AAT and Wikidata do not record every regional vernacular name is not unusual; in this case, the organological and museum evidence is sufficiently strong.

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Recommendation for SEKO

Decision	Result
Keep as altLabel of seko:00809	✅ Yes
Same instrument?	Yes
Language	bn (confirmed)
Confidence	High

Editorial note

This label is a good example of a descriptive vernacular name rather than a lexical synonym. I would keep it as an skos:altLabel because:

• it is documented in organological literature;
• it is used in Bengali-speaking contexts for the pungi;
• there is no evidence that it refers to a different instrument.

One small normalization issue: for consistency with standard Bengali romanization, I would consider using sāpurer bā̃śi (reflecting Bengali বাঁশি) if SEKO follows ISO 15919 transliteration. The current spelling bā̃si is a common simplified romanization and is also acceptable if the source uses it.

• 1 "Pungi"
• 2 "বাঁশি"
• 3 "CATALOG OF THE PERMANENT EXHIBITIONOF THE BAGP"
• 4 "Snake Charmer - Banglapedia"

[jarmosaarikko]

AI-generated Authority Reconciliation — Subtask
SEKO concept: seko:00809 pūṅgī / pungi (snake-charmer's reedpipe)
Label under review: pavri (currently tagged Marathi >mr

Field	Result
Label	pavri
Language	Not fully confirmed. Better described as a Bhili/Western Indo-Aryan tribal name, also used in Marathi- and Gujarati-speaking areas. mr is only partly accurate.
Finna	No verified Finna record found under pavri.
Representative record	—
Original source	—
Wikidata	No evidence that pavri is an alias of Q545271 (pungi).
MIMO	No evidence that pavri is an alternative label of MIMO 6778.
Getty AAT	Not listed as an alternative label of AAT 300216605.
LCMPT/LCSH	No authority record found.
Grove	Grove has an entry for Pavri (Pawri) as a separate tribal wind instrument (reported in bibliographies and secondary references).
Other sources	K.S. Kothari; German Tarpu article; ethnomusicological literature on the Warli and Bhil peoples.
S	ame instrument?
Recommended SEKO action	Remove as skos:altLabel; treat as a separate instrument concept.
Confidence	High

Evidence

1. Authority evidence does not connect pavri with pungi

The principal authority cluster for pungi

• Wikidata Q545271
• Getty AAT 300216605
• MIMO 6778

does not include pavri as an alternative label.

This already distinguishes it from labels such as magudi, which are explicitly recognized by authority sources.

2. Organological literature identifies Pavri with the Tarpu family

The strongest evidence comes from organological descriptions of Tarpu.

The German article states that in southern Gujarat the instrument is known as

pavri
while discussing the Tarpu instrument rather than the snake-charmer's Pungi.

Thus pavri is treated as a regional name of Tarpu, not of Pungi.

This agrees with K.S. Kothari's classification of related gourd reed instruments.

3. Ethnomusicological usage

Ethnomusicological publications use pavri (pawri) for the tribal aerophone played by the

• Bhil
• Pawra
• Kokna
• Warli

communities of western India.

The instrument is used in ritual dances and community ceremonies rather than snake charming.

That cultural context differs fundamentally from the traditional role of the pungi.

4. Organological differences

Although both instruments share

• a gourd wind chamber
• reed pipes
• Hornbostel–Sachs double-clarinet construction

they are treated in the literature as closely related but distinct traditional instruments.

This is analogous to two different bagpipes sharing the same Hornbostel–Sachs class while remaining different instruments.

Editorial assessment

This reconciliation is consistent with the previous findings for

• tarpo
• dobru

The evidence now forms a coherent picture.

Pungi concept

• pungi
• pūṅgī
• magudi
• bin
• nagbin
• sapurer basi
• mahuvar
• etc.

Tarpu concept

• tarpo
• pavri
• dobru
• ghogha
• khongada

These appear to constitute two separate instrument concepts that became merged in some secondary literature.

Language assessment

The current language tag

mr
is probably too narrow.

The instrument belongs to tribal communities spanning

• Gujarat
• Maharashtra
• Madhya Pradesh

and the name is associated particularly with the Pawra/Bhil linguistic area.

If SEKO later creates a Tarpu concept, the language assignment should be revisited using the same reconciliation methodology.

Recommendation for SEKO

Decision	Result
Keep as altLabel of seko:00809	❌ No
Same instrument?	No
Suggested destination	Future Tarpu/Pavri concept
Confidence	High

Editorial note

This reconciliation also reveals a broader editorial pattern. The inherited SEKO altLabels pūṅgī true synonyms with names of closely related tribal double-clarinet instruments. The authority reconciliation process is successfully separating these into distinct concepts, which will improve the semantic precision of the ontology while preserving valuable regional terminology under the correct instrument concepts.

[jarmosaarikko]

Tasks

AI-assistant is proposing two neighbouring and related concepts. It was asked to write distinguishing definitions and scope notes for the two instruments including references to the sources.

AI-generated output (ChatGPT free model)
Note: AI-output may contain errors. Always confirm with the original sources.

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I completely agree. For SEKO, definitions are not editorial opinions. Every skos:definition and skos:scopeNote should be traceable to published literature, and ideally the bibliography should distinguish between:

• Definition source (where the instrument is defined)
• Scope note source(s) (where its geographical, cultural or historical use is described)

That makes the ontology citable and allows future editors to verify or revise the text.

Below is how I would rewrite the entries.

SEKO:00809 pūṅgī

Definition

A traditional Indian double-clarinet consisting of a gourd wind chamber into which two single-reed pipes are inserted, one normally serving as a melody pipe and the other as a drone. It is traditionally associated with snake charmers in the Indian subcontinent.

Definition adapted from

• Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus, AAT 300216605 "pungis (double clarinets)"
• Getty AAT: Pungis (double clarinets)
• The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (cited by Getty AAT)

Scope note

The pūṅgī is primarily associated with snake-charmer communities such as the Sapera (Kalbeliya) of Northern and Central India and neighbouring regions. It is known by numerous regional names including pungi, been, magudi, and sāpurer bā̃si. Although structurally related to other Indian gourd double-clarinets, particularly the Western Indian tarpo/tarpu tradition, it represents a distinct performance tradition centred on snake charming, street performance, and associated ceremonial practices.

Scope note based on

• K.S. Kothari: Indian Folk Musical Instruments
• The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments
• Getty AAT 300216605
• Metropolitan Museum catalogue entry for Pūṅgī

Tarpo (proposed new SEKO concept)

Definition

A traditional gourd wind instrument of Western India consisting of a gourd wind chamber fitted with reed pipes and used primarily by Adivasi communities for communal dancing and ritual performance.

Definition based on

• Indian Folk Musical Instruments
• Bhatkhande University digital library (Indian musical instruments)

Scope note

The tarpo (also tarpu) belongs to the musical traditions of the Warli and neighbouring Adivasi communities of Gujarat and Maharashtra. It is played principally during seasonal dances, harvest festivals, weddings and communal rituals. Regional names include dobru, pavri, ghogha and khongada. Although organologically similar to the pūṅgī, ethnomusicological literature treats it as a separate regional and cultural instrument rather than as a synonym of the snake-charmer's instrument.

Scope note based on

• Indian Folk Musical Instruments
• Tarpu (German article with bibliographic references)
• Bhatkhande University digital library (Indian musical instruments)

One recommendation for SEKO editorial policy

Working through this example suggests a useful policy for all future SEKO definitions:

SKOS property	Editorial requirement
skos:definition	Must cite at least one published authority (book, authority file, or peer-reviewed source).
skos:scopeNote	Must cite one or more published sources documenting geographical, cultural, historical, or organological context.
skos:editorialNote	May explain editorial decisions or reconciliation outcomes, with references to GitHub issues and supporting literature.

This would make every SEKO concept fully auditable. A future editor could immediately see not only what the definition says, but why it says it and exactly which publications support it. I think this is particularly valuable for culturally specific instruments, where terminology and classification often vary across regions and authors.

[jarmosaarikko]

Actions in the SEKO3 masterdata table

• Added new concept tarpo seko:87501 with altLabels
  • tarpu
  • tarpa
  • dobru
  • pavri
  • ghogha
  • khongada
  • tārpu
  • tārpo
  • tārpā
• dct:spatial India, Gujarat, Maharashtra
• skos:broader seko:00513 klarinettisoitin
• exactMatch
  • http://www.mimo-db.eu/InstrumentsKeywords/5401
  • http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2394517
• H-S: 422.22
• skos:related seko:00809

pungi seko:00809

• Removed the following altLabels
  • dobru - or
  • tarpo - mr
  • pavri - hi

[jarmosaarikko]

Tasks - is pavri a separate instrument?

plan a protocol for fact finding

Do a systematic deep bibliographi search.

• Oxford Grove Music Online (your highest-priority source)
• JSTOR (ethnomusicology and organology journals)
• Google Books (full-text search)
• HathiTrust
• Internet Archive
• WorldCat (monographs and exhibition catalogues)
• RILM Abstracts of Music Literature
• Répertoire International d'Iconographie Musicale (RIdIM) if relevant
• Museum collection databases (Horniman, Musée de la Musique, Berlin, Brussels, etc.)

Other sources

• Curt Sachs
• Anthony Baines
• Jeremy Montagu
• Sibyl Marcuse, Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary
• Garland Encyclopedia of World Music (South Asia volume)
• Indian ethnomusicological monographs on the Warli and Kokna peoples

The goal is not simply to find occurrences of the word pavri, but to determine whether expert organologists have treated it as a distinct instrument concept or consistently as a regional name (altLabel).

That level of evidence is appropriate for SEKO and would provide a defensible editorial decision.

[jarmosaarikko]

About Pawri vs. Tarpa

Source: Tribal Research & Training Institute, Government of Maharashtra - https://trti.maharashtra.gov.in/page/handicrafts

Music and dance form an integral part of tribal culture. They come to them as naturally as breathing.

Most of the tribals make their own musical instruments, decorate them with feathers, ribbons and mirrors etc. The forms of these musical instruments have not changed over the years. Their dances and singing is closely related to their religious beliefs. These instruments are related to particular Gods and Goddesses.

The musical instruments are made from pumpkins, bamboo, wood, animal skin, clay-pots. seeds etc. Some of the instruments are also made of iron and "Bhendi" wood.

Pawri

Pawri is a wind musical instrument played by the Koknas of Nashik. It is like Tarpa, except that tarpa is blown from the anterior end while Pawri is blown from the centre of the gourd . The Koknas play Pawri to express their joy over corn, jowar and rice harvest.

Tarpa

Tarpa is a wind instrument played by the Warlis inhabiting in Thane district. It is played to express their joy over the new harvest. Nearly 50-100 men and women dance to the tune of the instrument to perform Tarpa dance. The Warlis believe that Tarpa is a divine gift to them from “Naran”, the god of rains. It is a taboo to play Tarpa during summer and rainy season.

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Source "webonautics.com" writer considers these as synonyms, playing the dance music of Koknas. Howver, the source is not confirmed.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavri_Nach refers to:

PAVRI NACH (MAHARASHTRA)

In the hilly regions of the northwest, the Kokna tribal dance to the accompaniment of the tarpha or pavri, a wind instrument made of dried gourd. Because of this, the dance is known as Tarpha Nach or Pavri Nach. The performers hold each other by the waist and dance in close formation. Men also dance separately, and this includes feats of skill, like forming a pyramid or rapidly revolving a dancer round a stout pole.

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The pawari i s a traditional instrument of the Adivasi communities living in Dang district of Gujarat., and regularly used by them during celebrations and festivals. The instrument is made of wood obtained from locally grown trees, with a horn-like structure attached and painted in a bright blue-silver combination. The pawari is also played in Dhule district of Maharashtra, mainly at weddings. But in Dang, it is frequently used, especially in the Dang Durbar, a spectacular annual three-day festival during the week of Holi. Now however, only a very few individuals play the pawari .

PAVRI | Pawari a tribal instrument | Adiwasi culture | Adiwasi pavari dance | Tarpa sambal #pawari

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Source: chandrakantha.com > Indian Music and Dance > Instrumental Music of India > Musical Instruments of India > Tarpa or Pavri

The tarpa or pavri is a type of a hornpipe of the Pungi class. Indeed it is really nothing but a very large pungi that has a gourd or cow horn at­ta­ched to the end. It is gen­erally about 3 to 4 feet in length.

This instrument is found among the Kokna tribes of Western India. It plays a cen­tral posi­tion of the tarpha and pavri dances.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2m1dxL33UQ

This Pawari a popular instrument in Konkan region is an auspicious instrument known as a "Dev Vadhya," played during Holi and Dipawali festivals. Lower part made by a ox horn called "Singhada" joind by bee wax to two bamboo tubes called "Narhi" in which left tube works as a drrone having 3 holes. The right tube used as note is having 5 holes in it. The bamboo tubes attached to gourd bottle is known as "Dakali". The blowing mouth is called "Toti" which adjusted by be wax. The two reeds fixed in two bamboo tubes are made by "Jungle Bhindi" plant. In this video clip Ramu Bhai is playing this instrument.
Courtesy : WZCC, Udaipur.
© Manohar Lalas. All Rights reserved. Documentation by Manohar Lalas for archival and cultural preservation purposes. Unauthorized use, reproduction or redistribution is prohibited.

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• https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1315047820626153

Tarpa is a traditional Adivasi (tribal) musical instrument primarily used by the Warli tribe of Maharashtra, especially in the Palghar, Dahanu, and Thane regions. It is an integral part of their culture and is most commonly used during festivals and community dances.

Instrument Type: Wind instrument (like a trumpet or horn)

Made of:A gourd or coconut shell for the mouthpieceA long bamboo pipe for the body
Often decorated with tribal motifs or natural materials.

Sound: Produces a deep, rhythmic sound that guides the steps of the dancers.
Played during the Tarpa Dance, a community circular dance performed by men and women.
The dancer’s movements follow the direction and rhythm of the Tarpa player.
Signifies unity and celebration among the Adivasi community.Often associated with the harvest season and social gatherings.
#adivasiculture #adivasi #tarpa #musicalinstruments
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