feat(connectors-sdk): add logging module and expose Logger (#6558)

[Powlinett]

Proposed changes

• Create connectors_sdk.logging module with BaseLogger, Logger, and SdkLogger classes
• Replace OpenCTIConnectorHelper logger usage with BaseLogger subclasses across SDK modules
• Add structured logging to _SettingsLoader, BaseConnectorSettings, _BaseState, and connector classes
• Remove WorkManager from public API (private module)
• Declare python-dotenv dependency
• Fix docstrings and typos

Related issues

• close feat(connectors-sdk): add logging module #6558

Checklist

• I consider the submitted work as finished
• I have signed my commits using GPG key.
• I tested the code for its functionality using different use cases
• I added/update the relevant documentation (either on github or on notion)
• Where necessary I refactored code to improve the overall quality

Further comments

This PR is stacked on #7101 (BaseSettings fixes). It should be merged after that PR lands.
Supersedes #6559 (which combined both concerns in a single branch).

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Additional details and impacted files

@@                               Coverage Diff                                @@
##           feat/7100-connectors-sdk-base-settings-fixes    #7102      +/-   ##
================================================================================
+ Coverage                                         66.60%   66.68%   +0.07%     
================================================================================
  Files                                              1308     1310       +2     
  Lines                                             70265    70416     +151     
================================================================================
+ Hits                                              46803    46955     +152     
+ Misses                                            23462    23461       -1     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
connectors-sdk/connectors_sdk/__init__.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...rs_sdk/connectors/external_import/_work_manager.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
.../connectors/external_import/base_data_processor.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...ctors/external_import/external_import_connector.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...nectors-sdk/connectors_sdk/logging/_base_logger.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
connectors-sdk/connectors_sdk/logging/logger.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...onnectors-sdk/connectors_sdk/logging/sdk_logger.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...rs-sdk/connectors_sdk/settings/_settings_loader.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...ctors-sdk/connectors_sdk/settings/base_settings.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...onnectors-sdk/connectors_sdk/states/_base_state.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)

... and 3 files with indirect coverage changes

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