apache · jamesfredley · May 29, 2026 · May 29, 2026 · May 29, 2026 · Jun 2, 2026
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ export GRADLE_OPTS="-Xms2G -Xmx5G"
 | Groovy | 4.0.x |
 | Spring Boot | 4.0.x |
 | Spring Framework | 7.0.x |
-| Spock | 2.3-groovy-4.0 |
+| Spock | 2.4-groovy-4.0 |
 | Gradle | 8.14.x |
 | Jakarta EE | 10 |
 

diff --git a/dependencies.gradle b/dependencies.gradle
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ ext {
             'commons-text.version'          : '1.15.0',
             'directory-watcher.version'     : '0.19.1',
             'gradle-groovy.version'         : '4.0.32',
-            'gradle-spock.version'          : '2.3-groovy-4.0',
+            'gradle-spock.version'          : '2.4-groovy-4.0',
             'grails-publish-plugin.version' : '1.0.0-M1',
             'jansi.version'                 : '2.4.2',
             'javaparser-core.version'       : '3.28.0',
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ ext {
             'rxjava3.version'               : '3.1.12',
             'selenium.version'              : '4.38.0',
             'sitemesh.version'              : '2.6.0',
-            'spock.version'                 : '2.3-groovy-4.0',
+            'spock.version'                 : '2.4-groovy-4.0',
             'starter-sitemesh.version'      : '3.3.0-SNAPSHOT',
             'spring-webmvc-sitemesh.version': '3.3.0-SNAPSHOT',
             // Spring Boot 4 no longer manages spring-retry; pin it here so the

diff --git a/grails-async/core/build.gradle b/grails-async/core/build.gradle
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ dependencies {
 
     testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testRuntimeOnly 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy' // Required by Spock's mocking support
+    testRuntimeOnly 'org.objenesis:objenesis' // Required by Spock for mocking classes without default constructor
 
     testRuntimeOnly 'org.slf4j:slf4j-nop' // Get rid of warning about missing slf4j implementation during test task
 }

diff --git a/grails-bootstrap/build.gradle b/grails-bootstrap/build.gradle
@@ -74,10 +74,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 processResources {

diff --git a/grails-cache/build.gradle b/grails-cache/build.gradle
@@ -54,10 +54,9 @@ dependencies {
 
     testImplementation project(':grails-testing-support-datamapping')
     testImplementation project(':grails-testing-support-web')
-    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core', {
-        exclude group: 'org.apache.groovy'
-    }
-    testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core' // to allow for correct mocking with Mock()
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
+
+    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy' // Required by Spock's mocking support
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-codecs-core/build.gradle b/grails-codecs-core/build.gradle
@@ -52,10 +52,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-codecs/build.gradle b/grails-codecs/build.gradle
@@ -62,10 +62,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-console/build.gradle b/grails-console/build.gradle
@@ -67,10 +67,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-controllers/build.gradle b/grails-controllers/build.gradle
@@ -76,10 +76,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-converters/build.gradle b/grails-converters/build.gradle
@@ -71,10 +71,9 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
+
+    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy' // Required by Spock's mocking support
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-core/build.gradle b/grails-core/build.gradle
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
+
+    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy' // Required by Spock's mocking support
+    testRuntimeOnly 'org.objenesis:objenesis' // Required by Spock for mocking classes without default constructor
 }
 
 TaskProvider<WriteProperties> writeProps = tasks.register('writeGrailsProperties', WriteProperties)

diff --git a/grails-data-graphql/core/build.gradle b/grails-data-graphql/core/build.gradle
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ dependencies {
     testImplementation 'com.h2database:h2'
     testImplementation 'org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-jdbc'
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-api'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
-    testImplementation 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
     testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
+
+    testRuntimeOnly 'org.objenesis:objenesis' // Required by Spock for mocking classes without default constructor
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-data-graphql/plugin/build.gradle b/grails-data-graphql/plugin/build.gradle
@@ -84,8 +84,10 @@ dependencies {
     compileOnly "io.micronaut.rxjava2:micronaut-rxjava2-http-client:$micronautRxjava2Version"
 
     testImplementation project(':grails-testing-support-web')
-    testImplementation 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
     testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
+
+    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy' // Required by Spock's mocking support
+    testRuntimeOnly 'org.objenesis:objenesis' // Required by Spock for mocking classes without default constructor
 }
 
 compileGsonViews {

diff --git a/grails-databinding-core/build.gradle b/grails-databinding-core/build.gradle
@@ -54,11 +54,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-databinding/build.gradle b/grails-databinding/build.gradle
@@ -68,10 +68,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/...ore/src/test/groovy/grails/gorm/annotation/transactions/TransactionalTransformSpec.groovy b/...ore/src/test/groovy/grails/gorm/annotation/transactions/TransactionalTransformSpec.groovy
@@ -197,8 +197,11 @@ import grails.gorm.transactions.Transactional
         mySpec.getDeclaredMethod('$spock_feature_0_0', Object, Object, Object)
         mySpec.getDeclaredMethod('$tt__$spock_feature_0_0', Object, Object, Object, TransactionStatus)
 
-        and:"The spec can be called"
-        mySpec.newInstance().'$tt__$spock_feature_0_0'(2,2,4,new DefaultTransactionStatus(null, new Object(), true, true, false, false, false, null))
+        // Do not invoke the transformed Spock feature method directly here: Spock 2.4
+        // requires an active iteration context for closures that reference data variables,
+        // so a reflective call outside Spock's runner throws IllegalStateException. The
+        // GroovyShell compilation above plus the transformed method signature checks
+        // already cover this regression (@Rollback must produce a valid, well-formed spec).
 
 
     }
@@ -231,8 +234,11 @@ import grails.gorm.transactions.Transactional
         mySpec.getDeclaredMethod('$spock_feature_0_0')
         mySpec.getDeclaredMethod('$tt__$spock_feature_0_0', TransactionStatus)
 
-        and:"The spec can be called"
-        mySpec.newInstance().'$tt__$spock_feature_0_0'(new DefaultTransactionStatus(null, new Object(), true, true, false, false, false, null))
+        // Do not invoke the transformed Spock feature method directly here: Spock 2.4
+        // requires an active iteration context for closures containing conditions, so a
+        // reflective call outside Spock's runner throws IllegalStateException. The
+        // GroovyShell compilation above plus the transformed method signature checks
+        // already cover this regression (@Rollback must produce a valid, well-formed spec).
 
 
     }

diff --git a/grails-datasource/build.gradle b/grails-datasource/build.gradle
@@ -69,10 +69,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-domain-class/build.gradle b/grails-domain-class/build.gradle
@@ -79,10 +79,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-encoder/build.gradle b/grails-encoder/build.gradle
@@ -56,10 +56,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-fields/build.gradle b/grails-fields/build.gradle
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ dependencies {
         exclude module: 'asm'
     }
 
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
+    testRuntimeOnly 'org.objenesis:objenesis' // Required by Spock for mocking classes without default constructor
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-gradle/model/build.gradle b/grails-gradle/model/build.gradle
@@ -73,12 +73,7 @@ dependencies {
     testImplementation 'org.apache.groovy:groovy'
     testImplementation 'org.apache.groovy:groovy-xml'
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') {
-        transitive = false
-    }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-gradle/model/src/test/groovy/grails/io/IOUtilsSpec.groovy b/grails-gradle/model/src/test/groovy/grails/io/IOUtilsSpec.groovy
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class IOUtilsSpec extends Specification {
     void "Test findJarResource finds a JAR resource"() {
         expect:
         IOUtils.findJarResource(Specification)
-        IOUtils.findJarResource(Specification).path.endsWith('spock-core-2.3-groovy-4.0.jar!/')
+        IOUtils.findJarResource(Specification).path.endsWith('spock-core-2.4-groovy-4.0.jar!/')
     }
 
     void 'findRootResourcesURL - appends / if not present'() {

diff --git a/grails-gsp/grails-sitemesh3/build.gradle b/grails-gsp/grails-sitemesh3/build.gradle
@@ -58,8 +58,9 @@ dependencies {
     testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
     testImplementation 'org.springframework:spring-test'
     testImplementation project(':grails-testing-support-web')
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
+
+    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy' // Required by Spock's mocking support
+    testRuntimeOnly 'org.objenesis:objenesis' // Required by Spock for mocking classes without default constructor
     testRuntimeOnly 'org.slf4j:slf4j-nop'
 }
 

diff --git a/grails-i18n/build.gradle b/grails-i18n/build.gradle
@@ -63,10 +63,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-interceptors/build.gradle b/grails-interceptors/build.gradle
@@ -61,10 +61,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-logging/build.gradle b/grails-logging/build.gradle
@@ -52,10 +52,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-mimetypes/build.gradle b/grails-mimetypes/build.gradle
@@ -60,10 +60,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-rest-transforms/build.gradle b/grails-rest-transforms/build.gradle
@@ -76,10 +76,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-services/build.gradle b/grails-services/build.gradle
@@ -63,10 +63,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {

diff --git a/grails-shell-cli/build.gradle b/grails-shell-cli/build.gradle
@@ -106,10 +106,9 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
+
+    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy' // Required by Spock's mocking support
 
     // any project that should be included in the end distribution should be included here
     // historically these were the included projects so we have trimmed them back down to pre7.0

diff --git a/grails-spring/build.gradle b/grails-spring/build.gradle
@@ -56,10 +56,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     // Testing
     testImplementation 'org.slf4j:slf4j-simple'
-    testImplementation('org.spockframework:spock-core') { transitive = false }
-    // Required by Spock's Mocking
-    testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
-    testImplementation 'org.objenesis:objenesis'
+    testImplementation 'org.spockframework:spock-core'
 }
 
 apply {
-Original file line number
+Diff line change
@@ Expand Up / @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ dependencies { @@
             exclude module: 'asm'
         }
-        testRuntimeOnly 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy'
+        testRuntimeOnly 'org.objenesis:objenesis' // Required by Spock for mocking classes without default constructor
     }
     apply {
@@ Expand Down @@