General: Pin GitHub Actions to commit SHAs instead of mutable tags

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+version: 2
+
+updates:
+  # Actions are pinned to commit SHAs, which never drift on their own. Dependabot is
+  # what turns that into a reviewed update instead of a silent one: it opens a PR when
+  # a pinned action has a new release, bumping both the SHA and its version comment.
+  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: weekly
+      day: monday
+      time: '04:00'
+      timezone: Europe/Berlin
+    # One grouped PR per week rather than one per action.
+    groups:
+      github-actions:
+        patterns:
+          - '*'
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 5
+    labels:
+      - dependencies
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: '`General`:'

.github/workflows/check-translation-keys.yml

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ jobs:
     name: Check if translation keys are consistent
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@d23441a48e516b6c34aea4fa41551a30e30af803 # v6.1.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
         with:
           python-version: '3.14'
       - name: Check if translation keys match

.github/workflows/deploy-user-documentation.yml

@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@d23441a48e516b6c34aea4fa41551a30e30af803 # v6.1.0
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0977fd99725f1db4007ccb2928dbb4e90d06cc86 # v6.0.10
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@249970729cb0ef3589644e2896645e5dc5ba9c38 # v6.5.0
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'pnpm'
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
         run: pnpm run build
 
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@fc324d3547104276b827a68afc52ff2a11cc49c9 # v5.0.0
         with:
           path: docs/build
 
@@ -56,4 +56,4 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
         id: deployment
-        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v5
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@cd2ce8fcbc39b97be8ca5fce6e763baed58fa128 # v5.0.0

.github/workflows/pr-check.yml

@@ -36,11 +36,13 @@ jobs:
 
   validate-pr-title:
     name: Validate PR Title
-    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+    # Dependabot titles come from a template, and whether it writes "Bump" or "bump" is
+    # decided by its own heuristic, so the capitalisation rule below cannot be relied on.
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.user.login != 'dependabot[bot]'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 1
     steps:
-      - uses: Slashgear/action-check-pr-title@v5.0.1
+      - uses: Slashgear/action-check-pr-title@161cede0311ec624ae3ee76a2c27522f7b6fa2d8 # v5.0.1
         with:
           regexp: '^`(Bugfix|Development|Documentation|Test|General)`:\s[A-Z].*$'
 
@@ -49,8 +51,8 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 2
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: gradle/actions/wrapper-validation@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@d23441a48e516b6c34aea4fa41551a30e30af803 # v6.1.0
+      - uses: gradle/actions/wrapper-validation@0723195856401067f7a2779048b490ace7a47d7c # v5.0.2
         with:
           min-wrapper-count: 1
 
@@ -65,10 +67,10 @@ jobs:
     needs: validate-gradle-wrapper
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@d23441a48e516b6c34aea4fa41551a30e30af803 # v6.1.0
 
       - name: Setup Java
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-java@b6effb05e454b25005698d916606bdc6ffcbf961 # v5.7.0
         with:
           distribution: 'temurin'
           java-version: |
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ jobs:
           cache: 'gradle'
 
       - name: Setup Gradle
-        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v5
+        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@0723195856401067f7a2779048b490ace7a47d7c # v5.0.2
         with:
           gradle-version: ${{ env.GRADLE_VERSION }}
 
@@ -114,29 +116,29 @@ jobs:
       # --- Upload Results ---
       - name: Upload JUnit Test Results
         if: success() || failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: junit-test-results
           path: build/test-results/test/*.xml
 
       - name: Upload Coverage Report
         if: success() || failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: coverage-report-server
           path: build/reports/jacoco/test/
 
       # --- Test Reports ---
       - name: Annotate Test Results
-        uses: ashley-taylor/junit-report-annotations-action@f9c1a5cbe28479439f82b80a5402a6d3aa1990ac
+        uses: ashley-taylor/junit-report-annotations-action@f9c1a5cbe28479439f82b80a5402a6d3aa1990ac # untagged master commit, 2023-02-22
         if: always() && github.event.pull_request.user.login != 'dependabot[bot]'
         with:
           access-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           path: build/test-results/test/*.xml
           numFailures: 99
 
       - name: Test Report
-        uses: dorny/test-reporter@v2
+        uses: dorny/test-reporter@df6247429542221bc30d46a036ee47af1102c451 # v2.7.0
         if: success() || failure()
         with:
           name: Server Tests & Architecture
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Post Coverage Comment
         if: failure() && github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v5
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@e8674b075228eee787fea43ef493e45ece1004c9 # v5.0.0
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           issue-number: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
@@ -171,15 +173,15 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@d23441a48e516b6c34aea4fa41551a30e30af803 # v6.1.0
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0977fd99725f1db4007ccb2928dbb4e90d06cc86 # v6.0.10
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@249970729cb0ef3589644e2896645e5dc5ba9c38 # v6.5.0
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'pnpm'
@@ -213,14 +215,14 @@ jobs:
       # --- Upload Results ---
       - name: Upload Coverage Report
         if: success() || failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: coverage-report-client
           path: build/test-results/vitest/coverage/
 
       - name: Post Coverage Comment
         if: failure() && github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v5
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@e8674b075228eee787fea43ef493e45ece1004c9 # v5.0.0
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           issue-number: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
@@ -252,24 +254,24 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: write
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@d23441a48e516b6c34aea4fa41551a30e30af803 # v6.1.0
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}
           fetch-depth: 0
           token: ${{ secrets.BOT_USER_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Setup Java
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-java@b6effb05e454b25005698d916606bdc6ffcbf961 # v5.7.0
         with:
           distribution: 'temurin'
           java-version: ${{ env.JAVA_VERSION }}
           cache: 'gradle'
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0977fd99725f1db4007ccb2928dbb4e90d06cc86 # v6.0.10
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@249970729cb0ef3589644e2896645e5dc5ba9c38 # v6.5.0
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'pnpm'
@@ -381,25 +383,25 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@d23441a48e516b6c34aea4fa41551a30e30af803 # v6.1.0
 
       - name: Setup Gradle
-        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v5
+        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@0723195856401067f7a2779048b490ace7a47d7c # v5.0.2
         with:
           gradle-version: ${{ env.GRADLE_VERSION }}
 
       - name: Setup Java
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-java@b6effb05e454b25005698d916606bdc6ffcbf961 # v5.7.0
         with:
           distribution: 'temurin'
           java-version: ${{ env.JAVA_VERSION }}
           cache: 'gradle'
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v6
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@0977fd99725f1db4007ccb2928dbb4e90d06cc86 # v6.0.10
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@249970729cb0ef3589644e2896645e5dc5ba9c38 # v6.5.0
         with:
           node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}
           cache: 'pnpm'
@@ -528,7 +530,7 @@ jobs:
       # The treosh/lighthouse-ci-action ships its own bundled @lhci/cli, so no
       # separate install step is needed.
       - name: ✅ Run Lighthouse for ${{ matrix.role }}
-        uses: treosh/lighthouse-ci-action@3e7e23fb74242897f95c0ba9cabad3d0227b9b18
+        uses: treosh/lighthouse-ci-action@3e7e23fb74242897f95c0ba9cabad3d0227b9b18 # v12.6.2
         with:
           urls: ${{ steps.lighthouse-urls.outputs.urls }}
           configPath: ./lighthouserc.json
@@ -552,14 +554,14 @@ jobs:
       # --- Upload Logs on Failure ---
       - name: Upload Client Log
         if: failure() && !vars.AET_CLIENT_URL
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: lighthouse-client-log-${{ matrix.role }}
           path: client.log
 
       - name: Upload Server Log
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
           name: lighthouse-server-log-${{ matrix.role }}
           path: server.log

.github/workflows/pullrequest-closed.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Delete image
-        uses: bots-house/ghcr-delete-image-action@v1.1.0
+        uses: bots-house/ghcr-delete-image-action@3827559c68cb4dcdf54d813ea9853be6d468d3a4 # v1.1.0
         with:
           owner: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
           name: doc-apply

.github/workflows/pullrequest-coverage-reporter.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Get PR info
         id: pr
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           script: |
             const prs = context.payload.workflow_run.pull_requests;
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
             }
             core.setFailed('Could not find PR');
 
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@d23441a48e516b6c34aea4fa41551a30e30af803 # v6.1.0
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}
           fetch-depth: 0
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
         run: git fetch origin "${{ steps.pr.outputs.base_ref }}"
 
       - name: Download client coverage artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
         with:
           name: coverage-report-client
           path: build/test-results/vitest/coverage/
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
         continue-on-error: true
 
       - name: Download server coverage artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@d3f86a106a0bac45b974a628896c90dbdf5c8093 # v4.3.0
         with:
           name: coverage-report-server
           path: build/reports/jacoco/test/
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
         continue-on-error: true
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@249970729cb0ef3589644e2896645e5dc5ba9c38 # v6.5.0
         with:
           node-version: 24
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Update PR description
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |

.github/workflows/pullrequest-labeler.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ jobs:
   label:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/labeler@v6
+      - uses: actions/labeler@b8dd2d9be0f68b860e7dae5dae7d772984eacd6d # v6.2.0
         with:
           repo-token: '${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
           sync-labels: true

.github/workflows/pullrequest-opened.yml

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Assign Pull Request to its Author
-        uses: technote-space/assign-author@v1
+        uses: technote-space/assign-author@9558557c5c4816f38bd06176fbc324ba14bb3160 # v1.6.2
         with:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/pullrequest-ready-to-merge-validator.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Validate PR is ready to merge
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |

.github/workflows/pullrequest-readyforreview.yml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Label "ready for review"
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           github-token: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
           script: |

.github/workflows/pullrequest-stale.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Check for stale PRs
-        uses: actions/stale@v10
+        uses: actions/stale@1e223db275d687790206a7acac4d1a11bd6fe629 # v10.4.0
         with:
           days-before-stale: 7
           days-before-close: 14